Life lessons to learn from ramayan

Is Ramayana an mere epic on Lord Ram or a lesson for all of us. I think, it is a lesson for me. Why? How? When I read for first time I learnt many things I will be telling 4 of them

Ramayan रामायण 3D Cartoon In Hindi 2019 Cartoon in Hindi Full Movie 3D Animated  Cartoon Motu Patlu - YouTube
Ramayan

Honour Your Word

One of the basic but strong messages given by Ramayana and the life of Lord Rama is rendering value to your own word. No matter what price you need to pay, but honouring your word is equivalent to worshipping the God within you. In Ramayana, King Dasharatha sent his eldest son, Lord Rama on exile to honour the promise he gave to his wife Kaikeyi without knowing that she would make such a demand in a bid to pronounce her son Bharath as the next King of Ayodhya. But a man of principles like Lord Rama didn’t question his father and without any second thought, he left the empire and his princely life to live life like an ordinary man for the next 14 years in forests. We learnt that it is not only our word but are parents too that we need to respect,no mater what hardship we need to suffer.

Pertinence of righteousness

Following the path of dharma, Maryada Purushottam Lord Rama took every step in his life to be truthful and righteous. He left the kingdom of Ayodhya when he was the true successor to the throne just to honour his father’s word. On the quest one of his subjects, he even asked Sita to go through Agni Pariksha (an ordeal of fire) to prove her sanctity. It is said that Lord Rama was in grief to have asked Sita to undergo this terrible test but to protect her respect and to prove her purity in front of his whole kingdom, he had to take this action, which he thought ,was right. We learn that no matter what you need to do always be truthful and righteouss .

Adhere To Your Dharma

The Survanshi dynasty of which Lord Rama belonged was known to give birth to kings of great valour. The event when his subjects objected on Sita’s purity, Lord Rama asked her to leave the kingdom while being disheartened, shows that Lord Rama believed in following his dharma of keeping his subjects happy. He sacrificed his marital life for the sake of his subjects. Though many people won’t consider this right but no matter what, we must train our minds to follow good principles that is advantageous for everyone concerned. We must stop letting our mind dwindle and be biased to situations .

Always follow dharm Be A Gentle and compassionate human being

Being in the mortal form, Lord Rama lived a princely life till he grew up but this king of Suryavanshi clan did not hesitate while eating fruits (ber), which were already tasted by a poor old woman named Shabri. In another instance, when his whole Vanarsena was busy building a bridge towards Lanka, he saw a squirrel putting in his best efforts too. To recognise his immense contribution in finding Sita, Lord Rama picked the tiny being from his hands and gently patted it with compassion. In our life, we too must never discriminate between people or judge them by their looks. Also the cruelty we show towards animals is far away from act of compassion. To conclude.

I would say that ramayan is a manual for human life. It teaches us the way to live and is applicable to everyone whether be a king or a commoner . As it teaches the concept of service leadership. I recommend everyone, to not only read ramayan but to study it, analysed it and understand it.

HAPPY READING

What is an Arduino

What is an Arduino ? 

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC-BY-SA license, while software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (‘shields’) or breadboards (for prototyping) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers can be programmed using the C and C++ programming languages, using a standard API which is also known as the “Arduino language”. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) and a command line tool developed in Go.
The Arduino project started in 2005 as a tool for students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy, aiming to provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and motion detectors.

The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of the project used to meet. The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was the margrave of the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.

Arduino Shields
Arduino and Arduino-compatible boards use printed circuit expansion boards called shields, which plug into the normally supplied Arduino pin headers.[51] Shields can provide motor controls for 3D printing and other applications, GNSS (satellite navigation), Ethernet, liquid crystal display (LCD), or breadboarding (prototyping). Several shields can also be made do it yourself (DIY).

Arduino Hardware
Arduino is open-source hardware. The hardware reference designs are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.

Most Arduino boards consist of an Atmel 8-bit AVR microcontroller (ATmega8, ATmega168, ATmega328, ATmega1280, or ATmega2560) with varying amounts of flash memory, pins, and features.[28] The 32-bit Arduino Due, based on the Atmel SAM3X8E was introduced in 2012.[29] The boards use single or double-row pins or female headers that facilitate connections for programming and incorporation into other circuits. These may connect with add-on modules termed shields. Multiple and possibly stacked shields may be individually addressable via an I²C serial bus. Most boards include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator or ceramic resonator. Some designs, such as the LilyPad, run at 8 MHz and dispense with the onboard voltage regulator due to specific form-factor restrictions.

Different Arduino Boards
There are different Arduino boards which are following,

Arduino UNO (R3)
LilyPad Arduino
Red Board
Arduino Mega (R3)
Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Uno R3
The Arduino UNO R3 is a new board and by comparing with the previous Arduino boards it has some additional features. The Arduino UNO uses the Atmega16U2 instead of 8U2 and it allows faster transfer rate & more memory. There is no need of extra devices for the Linux & Mac and the ability to have the UNO show up as a keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.

The Arduino R3 adds SDA & SCL pins which are next to the AREF and in addition, there are two pins which are placed near the RESET pin. The first pin is IOREF, it will allow the shields to adapt to the voltage from the board.

The other pin is not connected and it is reserved for the future purpose. The working of Arduino R3 is by all existing shields and it will adapt new shields which use these additional pins.

LilyPad Arduino
This board is an Arduino Programmable Microcontroller and it is designed to integrate easily into an e-textiles & wearable projects. The other Arduino boards have the same functionality like lightweight, round package designed to minimize snagging and profile, with wide tabs that can be sewn down and connected with conductive thread.

This Arduino board consist of an Atmega 328 with the Arduino bootloader and to keep it as a small minimum external component are required. The power supply of this board is 2V to 5V and offers large pin-out holes that make it easy to sew and connect. Each pin is connected to positive and negative terminals and to control the input & output devices like light, motor, and switch.

This Arduino technology was designed and developed by Leah Buechley and each LilyPad was creatively designed to have large connecting pads to allow them to be sewn into clothing. There is an available of various input, output, and sensor boards and they are washable.

Arduino Mega (R3)
The Arduino Mega is a type of Microcontroller and it is based on the ATmega2560. It consists of 54 digital input/output pins and from the total pins 14 pins are used for the PWM output, 16 pins are used for the analog inputs, 4 pins are used for the hardware serial port of the UART. There are pins like crystal oscillator of 16 MHz, USB connection, RESET pin, ICSP header, and a power barrel jack

This Arduino Mega is also having SDA and SCL pins which are next to the AREF. There are two new pins near the RESET pin which are IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided by the board. The other is a not connected and is reserved for future purposes.

Features of the Arduino Mega (R3)
ATmega2560 Microcontroller
Input voltage – 7-12V
54 Digital I/O Pins (14 PWM outputs)
16 Analog Inputs
256k Flash Memory
16Mhz Clock Speed

Arduino Leonardo
The Leonardo Arduino board is a Microcontroller board and it is based on the ATmega32u4 data sheet. This Arduino board has 20 digital input/out pins and from the total number of pins, seven pins are used for the pulse width modulation output and 12 pins are used as an analog input and there are the 16MHz crystal oscillator, a micro USB connection, RESET pin and power jack.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Leonardo differs from all preceding boards in that the ATmega32u4 has built-in USB communication, eliminating the need for a secondary processor.

This allows the Leonardo to appear to a connected computer as a mouse and keyboard, in addition to a virtual (CDC) serial COM port. It also has other implications for the behavior of the board; these are detailed on the getting started page.

Arduino Red Board
The Arduino red board is programmed by using the USB cable of mini-B with the help of Arduino IDE software.

Without any modifications in the security system there, it will work in Windows8 OS. The Arduino red board is more constant because USB and FTDI chips are used and they are flat on the back.

Creating it is very simple to utilize in the project design. Just plug the board, select the menu option to choose an Arduino UNO and you are ready to upload the program. You can control the RedBoard over USB cables using the barrel jack.
That is everything you need to know about the Arduino

Thank You For Reading !!!!

GIANT PANDAS

                                                                          General Information                                                                                The charismatic giant panda is a global conservation icon. Thanks to decades of successful conservation work, wild panda numbers are starting to recover, but they remain at risk. Human activities continue to be the biggest threats to their survival. An extensive giant panda nature reserve network exists, but one-third of all wild pandas live outside of protected areas in small isolated populations.

Pandas typically lead a solitary life. They’re excellent tree climbers, but they spend most of their time feeding. They can eat for 14 hours a day, mainly bamboo, which is 99% of their diet (though they sometimes eat eggs or small animals too).

Giant pandas are living proof that conservation efforts work.

WHERE GIANT PANDAS LIVE
Wild giant pandas could once have been found throughout eastern and southern China, northern Vietnam and northern Myanmar. Now the pandas range is restricted to just six isolated mountain ranges in Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces in south-central China.

They live mainly in deciduous broadleaf, mixed conifer and sub-alpine coniferous forests between elevations of about 1,200-3,400 metres.

WHY GIANT PANDAS ARE SO IMPORTANT
Giant pandas help to keep their mountain forests healthy by spreading seeds in their droppings, which helps vegetation to thrive.

The panda’s forest environment is also important for local people – for food, income and fuel for cooking and heating. Giant pandas live in the mountain catchment areas of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers, whose river basins are the economic heart of China, home to over half a billion people.

Panda habitat rivals the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem in the world. It’s also vitally important for other threatened and endangered species, including golden snub-nosed monkeys, takins, red pandas and snow leopards.

By protecting pandas we’re helping conserve the wider environment, for the people and wildlife that depend on it.

Thank You For Reading !!!!

What is Evolution

What is Evolution

In biology, evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.

The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.
Evolution relies on there being genetic variation in a population which affects the physical characteristics (phenotype) of an organism.
Some of these characteristics may give the individual an advantage over other individuals which they can then pass on to their offspring.

What is natural selection?
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution states that evolution happens by natural selection.
Individuals in a species show variation in physical characteristics. This variation is because of differences in their genes?.
Individuals with characteristics best suited to their environment are more likely to survive, finding food, avoiding predators and resisting disease. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes on to their children.
Individuals that are poorly adapted to their environment are less likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore their genes are less likely to be passed on to the next generation.
As a consequence those individuals most suited to their environment survive and, given enough time, the species will gradually evolve.

Different types of evolution
Convergent evolution
When the same adaptations evolve independently, under similar selection pressures.
For example, flying insects, birds and bats have all evolved the ability to fly, but independently of each other.

Co-evolution
When two species or groups of species have evolved alongside each other where one adapts to changes in the other.
For example, flowering plants and pollinating insects such as bees.

Adaptive radiation
When a species splits into a number of new forms when a change in the environment makes new resources available or creates new environmental challenges.
For example, finches on the Galapagos Islands have developed different shaped beaks to take advantage of the different kinds of food available on different islands.

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EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON TEENS

Surveys show that ninety percent of teens ages 13-17 use social media. Seventy-five percent report having at least one active social media profile, and 51% visiting a social media site at least once daily.

Hi. I’m Reneeka, and today’s topic is all about the ways social media affects teens. 

I hardly think an introduction to social media in today’s online generation would be necessary. It’s simple: 1 out of every four teens is an avid social media user, using at least two different social media each day. 

For folks who don’t have a clue about what social media is, here’s the definition for it. As described by the dictionary, it is a website and application that enables users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. 

It’s a common belief that overrated platforms like TikTok or YouTube are the only examples of social media. In reality, any app that allows you to communicate with others and express yourself is social media. It includes your online school too.

The grasp and dependence on social media of teens far exceed that of many adults. Go figure. Hence, it is crucial to understand how it mentally impacts us. Several health issues develop as a result of too much time spent online.

What makes social media so “attractive”? A study by researchers at the UCLA brain mapping center found a distinct region of our brain becomes activated at the mere prospect of receiving likes. This reward region is particularly sensitive during the teen years, which could explain why teens are attracted to social media. 

Additional studies have established a link between depression and social media. Prolong use of social media may show a sign of depression or low self-esteem. According to a study, people who use more than seven social media platforms have more than three times the risk of depression than people who use two or fewer sites. 

Social networking leads to a deterioration in social activity and an increase in loneliness. You may argue that social media does provide a stage for communication, but you may as well know that humans are social creatures programmed for physical connection.

Social media, in a nutshell, is a fabrication of lies. Unfortunately, what most teens do not realize is that people post their “highlight reel” and usually hide their experiences. It creates a notion of perfectness and pressures teens to have perfect posts or images. Teens who place a priority on social media will often concentrate on showing how much they are having fun, rather than focusing on having fun! 

It takes a lot of time and effort to keep up with the unspoken rules and culture of each social media platform. As a result, this puts additional pressure on teens, which can cause feelings of anxiety. Some studies have found that the larger a teen’s social circle is online, the more feeling of pressure is. 

A study showed that one-fifth of teens “almost always” wake up during the night and log in to social media. It’s a proven fact that sleep is vital for development in children. Consequently, this sleep loss can lead to moodiness, a drop in grades, and overeating, as well as intensify existing problems like depression and anxiety.

While social media can be a fantastic place for keeping in touch with loved ones, it is not the same as face-to-face communication. Under forced circumstances, I’ve been chatting with my friends a lot lately. But if you ask me to do the same, but face-to-face, let say through a virtual meeting, I would fail miserably. 

See? That’s what I’m trying to indicate. Many teens spend so much time online that they forget to talk to the person in front of them! As a result, teens risk having relationships that are not deep or genuine.

So, what’s the solution? You don’t have to quit social media; you will have to learn to use it better! Because so much brain development takes place during the teen years, we mustn’t neglect the impact of social media on us. We have the power of using it, make sure it doesn’t use you!

Thank you!

Pandemics Over The Years

Pandemics That Changed History
As human civilizations rose, these diseases struck them down.

In the realm of infectious diseases, a pandemic is the worst case scenario. When an epidemic spreads beyond a country’s borders, that’s when the disease officially becomes a pandemic.

Communicable diseases existed during humankind’s hunter-gatherer days, but the shift to agrarian life 10,000 years ago created communities that made epidemics more possible. Malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, influenza, smallpox and others first appeared during this period.

The more civilized humans became, building cities and forging trade routes to connect with other cities, and waging wars with them, the more likely pandemics became. See a timeline below of pandemics that, in ravaging human populations, changed history.

Pandemics Of The History

430 B.C.: Athens
The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War. After the disease passed through Libya, Ethiopia and Egypt, it crossed the Athenian walls as the Spartans laid siege. As much as two-thirds of the population died.

The symptoms included fever, thirst, bloody throat and tongue, red skin and lesions. The disease, suspected to have been typhoid fever, weakened the Athenians significantly and was a significant factor in their defeat by the Spartans.

165 A.D.: Antonine Plague
The Antonine plague was possibly an early appearance of smallpox that began with the Huns. The Huns then infected the Germans, who passed it to the Romans and then returning troops spread it throughout the Roman empire. Symptoms included fever, sore throat, diarrhea and, if the patient lived long enough, pus-filled sores. This plague continued until about 180 A.D., claiming Emperor Marcus Aurelius as one of its victims.

250 A.D.: Cyprian Plague
Named after the first known victim, the Christian bishop of Carthage, the Cyprian plague entailed diarrhea, vomiting, throat ulcers, fever and gangrenous hands and feet.

City dwellers fled to the country to escape infection but instead spread the disease further. Possibly starting in Ethiopia, it passed through Northern Africa, into Rome, then onto Egypt and northward.

There were recurring outbreaks over the next three centuries. In 444 A.D., it hit Britain and obstructed defense efforts against the Picts and the Scots, causing the British to seek help from the Saxons, who would soon control the island.

541 A.D.: Justinian Plague
First appearing in Egypt, the Justinian plague spread through Palestine and the Byzantine Empire, and then throughout the Mediterranean.

The plague changed the course of the empire, squelching Emperor Justinian’s plans to bring the Roman Empire back together and causing massive economic struggle. It is also credited with creating an apocalyptic atmosphere that spurred the rapid spread of Christianity.

Recurrences over the next two centuries eventually killed about 50 million people, 26 percent of the world population. It is believed to be the first significant appearance of the bubonic plague, which features enlarged lymphatic gland and is carried by rats and spread by fleas.

11th Century: Leprosy
Though it had been around for ages, leprosy grew into a pandemic in Europe in the Middle Ages, resulting in the building of numerous leprosy-focused hospitals to accommodate the vast number of victims.

A slow-developing bacterial disease that causes sores and deformities, leprosy was believed to be a punishment from God that ran in families. This belief led to moral judgments and ostracization of victims. Now known as Hansen’s disease, it still afflicts tens of thousands of people a year and can be fatal if not treated with antibiotics.

1350: The Black Death
Responsible for the death of one-third of the world population, this second large outbreak of the bubonic plague possibly started in Asia and moved west in caravans. Entering through Sicily in 1347 A.D. when plague sufferers arrived in the port of Messina, it spread throughout Europe rapidly. Dead bodies became so prevalent that many remained rotting on the ground and created a constant stench in cities.

England and France were so incapacitated by the plague that the countries called a truce to their war. The British feudal system collapsed when the plague changed economic circumstances and demographics. Ravaging populations in Greenland, Vikings lost the strength to wage battle against native populations, and their exploration of North America halted.

1492: The Columbian Exchange
Following the arrival of the Spanish in the Caribbean, diseases such as smallpox, measles and bubonic plague were passed along to the native populations by the Europeans. With no previous exposure, these diseases devastated indigenous people, with as many as 90 percent dying throughout the north and south continents.

Upon arrival on the island of Hispaniola, Christopher Columbus encountered the Taino people, population 60,000. By 1548, the population stood at less than 500. This scenario repeated itself throughout the Americas.

In 1520, the Aztec Empire was destroyed by a smallpox infection. The disease killed many of its victims and incapacitated others. It weakened the population so they were unable to resist Spanish colonizers and left farmers unable to produce needed crops.

Research in 2019 even concluded that the deaths of some 56 million Native Americans in the 16th and 17th centuries, largely through disease, may have altered Earth’s climate as vegetation growth on previously tilled land drew more CO2 from the atmosphere and caused a cooling event.

1665: The Great Plague of London
n another devastating appearance, the bubonic plague led to the deaths of 20 percent of London’s population. As human death tolls mounted and mass graves appeared, hundreds of thousands of cats and dogs were slaughtered as the possible cause and the disease spread through ports along the Thames. The worst of the outbreak tapered off in the fall of 1666, around the same time as another destructive event—the Great Fire of London.

1817: First Cholera Pandemic
The first of seven cholera pandemics over the next 150 years, this wave of the small intestine infection originated in Russia, where one million people died. Spreading through feces-infected water and food, the bacterium was passed along to British soldiers who brought it to India where millions more died. The reach of the British Empire and its navy spread cholera to Spain, Africa, Indonesia, China, Japan, Italy, Germany and America, where it killed 150,000 people. A vaccine was created in 1885, but pandemics continued.

1855: The Third Plague Pandemic
Starting in China and moving to India and Hong Kong, the bubonic plague claimed 15 million victims. Initially spread by fleas during a mining boom in Yunnan, the plague is considered a factor in the Parthay rebellion and the Taiping rebellion. India faced the most substantial casualties, and the epidemic was used as an excuse for repressive policies that sparked some revolt against the British. The pandemic was considered active until 1960 when cases dropped below a couple hundred.

1875: Fiji Measles Pandemic
After Fiji ceded to the British Empire, a royal party visited Australia as a gift from Queen Victoria. Arriving during a measles outbreak, the royal party brought the disease back to their island, and it was spread further by the tribal heads and police who met with them upon their return.

Spreading quickly, the island was littered with corpses that were scavenged by wild animals, and entire villages died and were burned down, sometimes with the sick trapped inside the fires. One-third of Fiji’s population, a total of 40,000 people, died.

1889: Russian Flu
The first significant flu pandemic started in Siberia and Kazakhstan, traveled to Moscow, and made its way into Finland and then Poland, where it moved into the rest of Europe. By the following year, it had crossed the ocean into North America and Africa. By the end of 1890, 360,000 had died.

1918: Spanish Flu
The avian-borne flu that resulted in 50 million deaths worldwide, the 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain. Wire service reports of a flu outbreak in Madrid in the spring of 1918 led to the pandemic being called the “Spanish flu.”

By October, hundreds of thousands of Americans died and body storage scarcity hit crisis level. But the flu threat disappeared in the summer of 1919 when most of the infected had either developed immunities or died.

1957: Asian flu
Starting in Hong Kong and spreading throughout China and then into the United States, the Asian flu became widespread in England where, over six months, 14,000 people died. A second wave followed in early 1958, causing an estimated total of about 1.1 million deaths globally, with 116,000 deaths in the United States alone. A vaccine was developed, effectively containing the pandemic.

1981: HIV/AIDS
First identified in 1981, AIDS destroys a person’s immune system, resulting in eventual death by diseases that the body would usually fight off. Those infected by the HIV virus encounter fever, headache, and enlarged lymph nodes upon infection. When symptoms subside, carriers become highly infectious through blood and genital fluid, and the disease destroys t-cells.

AIDS was first observed in American gay communities but is believed to have developed from a chimpanzee virus from West Africa in the 1920s. The disease, which spreads through certain body fluids, moved to Haiti in the 1960s, and then New York and San Francisco in the 1970s.

Treatments have been developed to slow the progress of the disease, but 35 million people worldwide have died of AIDS since its discovery, and a cure is yet to be found.

2003: SARS
First identified in 2003 after several months of cases, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is believed to have possibly started with bats, spread to cats and then to humans in China, followed by 26 other countries, infecting 8,096 people, with 774 deaths.

SARS is characterized by respiratory problems, dry cough, fever and head and body aches and is spread through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes.

Quarantine efforts proved effective and by July, the virus was contained and hasn’t reappeared since. China was criticized for trying to suppress information about the virus at the beginning of the outbreak.

SARS was seen by global health professionals as a wake-up call to improve outbreak responses, and lessons from the pandemic were used to keep diseases like H1N1, Ebola and Zika under control

2019: COVID-19
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the COVID-19 virus was officially a pandemic after barreling through 114 countries in three months and infecting over 118,000 people. And the spread wasn’t anywhere near finished.

COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus—a new coronavirus strain that has not been previously found in people. Symptoms include respiratory problems, fever and cough, and can lead to pneumonia and death. Like SARS, it’s spread through droplets from sneezes.

The first reported case in China appeared November 17, 2019, in the Hubei Province, but went unrecognized. Eight more cases appeared in December with researchers pointing to an unknown virus.

Many learned about COVID-19 when ophthalmologist Dr. Li Wenliang defied government orders and released safety information to other doctors. The following day, China informed WHO and charged Li with a crime. Li died from COVID-19 just over a month later.

Without a vaccine available, the virus spread beyond Chinese borders and by mid-March, it had spread globally to more than 163 countries. On February 11, the infection was officially christened COVID-19.

Thank You For Reading !!!!

Wormholes Explained

The wormhole theory postulates that a theoretical passage through space-time could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe. Wormholes are predicted by the theory of general relativity. But be wary: wormholes bring with them the dangers of sudden collapse, high radiation and dangerous contact with exotic matter.

Wormhole theory
Wormholes were first theorized in 1916, though that wasn’t what they were called at the time. While reviewing another physicist’s solution to the equations in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm realized another solution was possible. He described a “white hole,” a theoretical time reversal of a black hole. Entrances to both black and white holes could be connected by a space-time conduit.

“The whole thing is very hypothetical at this point,” said Stephen Hsu, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Oregon, told our sister site, Live Science. “No one thinks we’re going to find a wormhole anytime soon.”

Wormholes contain two mouths, with a throat connecting the two. The mouths would most likely be spheroidal. The throat might be a straight stretch, but it could also wind around, taking a longer path than a more conventional route might require.

Einstein’s theory of general relativity mathematically predicts the existence of wormholes, but none have been discovered to date. A negative mass wormhole might be spotted by the way its gravity affects light that passes by.

Certain solutions of general relativity allow for the existence of wormholes where the mouth of each is a black hole. However, a naturally occurring black hole, formed by the collapse of a dying star, does not by itself create a wormhole.

Through the wormhole
Science fiction is filled with tales of traveling through wormholes. But the reality of such travel is more complicated, and not just because we’ve yet to spot one.

The first problem is size. Primordial wormholes are predicted to exist on microscopic levels, about 10–33 centimeters. However, as the universe expands, it is possible that some may have been stretched to larger sizes.

Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen wormholes would be useless for travel because they collapse quickly.

“You would need some very exotic type of matter in order to stabilize a wormhole,” said Hsu, “and it’s not clear whether such matter exists in the universe.”

But more recent research found that a wormhole containing “exotic” matter could stay open and unchanging for longer periods of time.

Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, contains negative energy density and a large negative pressure. Such matter has only been seen in the behavior of certain vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.

If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally occurring or artificially added, it could theoretically be used as a method of sending information or travelers through space. Unfortunately, human journeys through the space tunnels may be challenging.

“The jury is not in, so we just don’t know,” physicist Kip Thorne, one of the world’s leading authorities on relativity, black holes and wormholes, told Space.com. “But there are very strong indications that wormholes that a human could travel through are forbidden by the laws of physics. That’s sad, that’s unfortunate, but that’s the direction in which things are pointing.”

Wormholes may not only connect two separate regions within the universe, they could also connect two different universes. Similarly, some scientists have conjectured that if one mouth of a wormhole is moved in a specific manner, it could allow for time travel.

“You can go into the future or into the past using traversable wormholes,” astrophysicist Eric Davis told Live Science. But it won’t be easy: “It would take a Herculean effort to turn a wormhole into a time machine. It’s going to be tough enough to pull off a wormhole.”

However, British cosmologist Stephen Hawking has argued that such use is not possible. [Weird Science: Wormholes Make the Best Time Machines]

“A wormhole is not really a means of going back in time, it’s a short cut, so that something that was far away is much closer,” NASA’s Eric Christian wrote.

Although adding exotic matter to a wormhole might stabilize it to the point that human passengers could travel safely through it, there is still the possibility that the addition of “regular” matter would be sufficient to destabilize the portal.

Today’s technology is insufficient to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they could be found. However, scientists continue to explore the concept as a method of space travel with the hope that technology will eventually be able to utilize them.

“You would need some of super-super-advanced technology,” Hsu said. “Humans won’t be doing this any time in the near future.”

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The Japanese folktale of the selfish scholar

In ancient Kyoto, a devout Shinto scholar lived a simple life, but he was often distracted from his prayers by the bustling city. He felt that his neighbors were polluting his soul, and he sought to perform some kind of personal harae- a purification ritual that would cleanse his body and his mind. He decided to travel to the revered Hie Shrine. The trip was an arduous climb that took all day. But he was glad for the solitude it afforded him, and the peace he felt upon returning home was profound.

The scholar was determined to maintain this clarity for as long as possible, and resolved to make this pilgrimage another 99 times. He would walk the path alone, ignoring any distractions in his quest for balance, and never straying from his purpose. The man was true to his word, and as days stretched into weeks, he walked through driving rain and searing sun. Over time, his devotion revealed the invisible world of spirits which exists alongside our own. He began to sense the kami, which animated the rocks underfoot, the breeze that cooled him, and the animals grazing in the fields. Still he spoke to no one, spirit or human. He was determined to avoid contact with those who had strayed from the path and become polluted with kegare. This taboo of defilement hung over the sick and deceased, as well as those who defiled the land or committed violent crimes. Of all the threats to the scholar’s quest for spiritual purity, kegare was by far the greatest. After paying his respects for the 80th time, he set out for home once more.

But as darkness fell, he heard strained sobs in the night air. The scholar tried to push forward and ignore the moans. But the desperate cries overwhelmed him. Grimacing, he left his path to follow the sound to its source. He soon came to a cramped cottage with a woman crumpled outside. Filled with pity, the scholar implored the woman to share her sorrow. She had explained that her mother just died but no one would help her with the burial. At that news, his heart sank. Touching the body would defile his spirit, draining his life force and leaving him forsaken by the kami. But as he listened to her cries his sympathy soared. And so, they buried the old woman together, to ensure her safe passage into the spirit world.

The burial was complete, but the taboo of death weighed heavily on the scholar. How could he have been so foolish, to shirk his most important rule and corrupt his divine journey? After a tormented night, he resolved to go back to the shrine to cleanse himself. To his surprise, the usually silent temple was filled with people, all gathering around a medium who communicated directly with the kami. The man hid himself, not daring approach in case anyone glimpse his polluted soul.

But the medium had other ways of seeing, and called him forward from the crowd. Ready to be forsaken, the scholar approached the holy woman. But the medium merely smiled. She took his impure hands in hers, and whispered a blessing only he could hear thanking him for his kindness. In that moment the scholar discovered a great spiritual secret: contamination and corruption are two very different things. Filled with insight the scholar set himself back on his journey.

 But this time, he stopped to help those he met. He began to see the beauty of the spirit world everywhere he went, even in the city he had previously shunned. Others cautioned that he risked kegare but he never told them why he so freely mingled with the sick and disadvantaged. For he knew that people could only truly understand harae through a journey of their own.

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Evidence Collection in the U.S and the Netherlands

Intro: United States

The United States doesn’t allow improperly or illegally obtained evidence to be used to convict the accused in its court system and the evidence is excluded without decision or consideration. The Netherlands, on the other hand, is more lenient on how evidence is obtained.

Evidence: Netherlands

Evidence that is obtained in an illegal way isn’t excluded right away. It depends on many factors like to what extent the way of obtaining evidence was illegal. Evidence that was acquired wrongfully can be used in many cases, but it may result in a criminal offense since the way the evidence way obtained was illegal. For example, if the evidence that was obtained illegally proves that the accused is guilty, it will be used in court since it was used lawfully but obtained unlawfully.

Reflection

I think that the laws of evidence for obtaining evidence illegally or improperly in the Netherlands are better than the laws for obtaining evidence illegally in the United States. The Netherlands’ laws are well-balanced and fair in my opinion. This is because it prevents the guilty party from getting released while also not giving the police or accuser who acquired the evidence wrongfully an unfair advantage by not giving any consequences. Furthermore, if the way of obtaining the evidence wasn’t a significant illegal act, the guilty party is given a lighter sentence or some other form of compensation for the improper evidence used to punish them.

I have mixed feelings on the U.S. laws for evidence on obtaining evidence illegally. The laws are good but also bad depending on the situation. Since the evidence that is obtained illegally will be excluded, even if the police or accuser finds evidence that proves the defendant guilty, it will not be used to convict the defendant. More evidence that is obtained legally will be needed to be provided. The laws are good too because then the police cannot harm or torture the accused without consequences.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the laws of evidence of our own country, the United States, and those of the Netherlands are very much different from each other. There are a few laws that are similar like the common laws which almost every country in the world has. I think the Netherlands laws on how evidence is obtained is more well-balanced and fair than those of the United States.

EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY AND EGYPTIAN STORIES

Egyptian mythology is the collection of myths from ancient Egypt, which describe the actions of the Egyptian gods as a means of understanding the world around them. The beliefs that these myths express are an important part of ancient Egyptian religion. Myths appear frequently in Egyptian writings and art, particularly in short stories and in religious material such as hymns, ritual texts, funerary texts, and temple decoration. These sources rarely contain a complete account of a myth and often describe only brief fragments.

Inspired by the cycles of nature, the Egyptians saw time in the present as a series of recurring patterns, whereas the earliest periods of time were linear. Myths are set in these earliest times, and myth sets the pattern for the cycles of the present. Present events repeat the events of myth, and in doing so renew maat, the fundamental order of the universe. Amongst the most important episodes from the mythic past are the creation myths, in which the gods form the universe out of primordial chaos; the stories of the reign of the sun god Ra upon the earth; and the Osiris myth, concerning the struggles of the gods Osiris, Isis, and Horus against the disruptive god Set. Events from the present that might be regarded as myths include Ra’s daily journey through the world and its otherworldly counterpart, the Duat. Recurring themes in these mythic episodes include the conflict between the upholders of maat and the forces of disorder, the importance of the pharaoh in maintaining maat, and the continual death and regeneration of the gods.

The details of these sacred events differ greatly from one text to another and often seem contradictory. Egyptian myths are primarily metaphorical, translating the essence and behavior of deities into terms that humans can understand. Each variant of a myth represents a different symbolic perspective, enriching the Egyptians’ understanding of the gods and the world.

Mythology profoundly influenced Egyptian culture. It inspired or influenced many religious rituals and provided the ideological basis for kingship. Scenes and symbols from myth appeared in art in tombs, temples, and amulets. In literature, myths or elements of them were used in stories that range from humor to allegory, demonstrating that the Egyptians adapted mythology to serve a wide variety of purposes.

                                                                             Egyptian Gods                                                                                                             

                                                                                           Ra                                                                                              The god of the sun, Ra was the first pharaoh of the world, back in the days when gods inhabited Egypt. Each day, Ra’s golden sun ship would sail across the sky, and each night it would travel through the underground world of the Duat, sailing the River of Darkness, and fighting off monsters. The Egyptians celebrated each sunrise, when Ra emerged victorious again and caused a new day to begin. After many centuries, Ra became old and senile, and retreated into the heavens, giving up his throne to Osiris.

Geb and Nut
The god of the earth, Geb was one of the first gods to appear from the sea of chaos at the beginning of time. He appears as a man made of earth, with rivers, forests and hills across his entire body.

Nut was Geb’s wife, the goddess of the sky. Yes, we know she’s got a funny name, but she was not the goddess of peanuts. She appeared as a woman with skin like a starry sky, dark blue and covered in constellations. She is often pictured stretching over Geb, as the sky stretches over the earth.

Although Geb and Nut loved each other very much, Ra had a prophecy that their children would try to overthrow him someday, so Ra did his best to keep them apart. Despite this, Nut managed to have five children, and the oldest, Osiris, did indeed take over the throne from Ra.

Shu
Nut’s father, the god of the air, was given the job of keeping Nut and Geb apart. This is why the sky is so far above the earth. The god of the wind stays between them, keeping his daughter from visiting her love the earth. Shu is usually not pictured, because he is invisible like the wind.

Osiris
The first son of Geb and Nut, Osiris was a wise and good pharaoh when he took over the world from Ra. Osiris taught man about farming, and created the first cities in Egypt. Unfortunately, Osiris’s brother Set was jealous of him. Set tricked him into laying down in a golden coffin, then sealed the coffin and cut it into pieces. Set scattered the pieces all over Egypt, and Osiris’s wife Isis spent years searching for them. Eventually, Isis put her husband back together, binding him in cloth to make the first mummy, but Osiris only came partially back to life. After that, he was the god of the underworld, sitting in judgment over the souls of the dead. He appears as a king with blue skin and white robes.

Isis
Osiris’s wife was the goddess of magic, and clever and ambitious woman. She tricked Ra into retiring by poisoning him with a magic snake, then encouraging the old sun god to reveal his secret name so Isis could cure him. Once Isis knew Ra’s secret name, she could force him to do just about anything. She encouraged him to retreat into the sky, opening the throne for Osiris. Isis was the patron of magicians, and loved her husband very much. She encouraged their son Horus to take vengeance on the evil Set, who had killed Osiris. Isis is often pictured as a beautiful woman with multicolored wings.

Set
The god of the desert, storms, and evil, Set was one mean dude. His color was red, the color of sterile soil and the desert. Set was the strongest of the gods, and very tricky. He became pharaoh of Egypt after killing his brother, but was later overthrown by his nephew Horus. After that, Set fled into the desert, where he controlled all the evil harsh lands outside the Nile Valley. Set wasn’t all bad, however. In the old days, he sailed on Ra’s boat and helped defend the sun god from the armies of the chaos serpent Apep. Set is usually pictured with red skin and the head of an unknown animal demon – part dog, part anteater, all ugly.

Nephthys
The river goddess, wife of Set and the sister of Isis. Nephthys didn’t like her husband very much, because after he killed Osiris, Nephthys helped Isis collected his pieces and bind them together. She was a kind and gentle goddess, and mother of Anubis, the god of funeral rites.

Horus
Called the Avenger, Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris. When he grew to manhood, he challenged Set and eventually defeated him, becoming the new pharaoh of Egypt. Afterwards, all mortal pharaohs considered themselves to be the descendants of Horus. Horus’s symbol was the falcon, and he is often pictured as a man with a falcon’s head.

Bast
Cats were extremely popular in Egypt, because they could kill snakes, scorpions, and other nasty creatures. Bast, the goddess of cats, was just as popular. Bast was a protective goddess, and people would wear amulets with her likeness for good luck, especially during the bad luck Demon Days at the end of each year. In cat form, Bast is often pictured with a knife, fighting the chaos serpent Apep. She was Ra’s faithful cat.

Sobek
The god of crocodiles was both respected and feared. Crocodiles were strong creatures. In ancient Egypt, an entire city was named after them: Crocodilopolis, and Sobek had a temple with a lake full of crocodiles. However, crocodiles were fearsome predators, and many Egyptians were killed each year if they got too near the river. Sobek was pictured as a crocodile-headed man. His sweat was said to have created the rivers of the world. Yuck!

Serqet
The goddess of scorpions was both good and bad. She could send scorpions after her enemies, and a single scorpion bite could kill you. On the other hand, you could pray to Serqet for protection from poison, and sometimes she was seen as a guardian of children. She was pictured as a woman with a giant scorpion for a crown. How’d you like that on your head?

Anubis
Anubis the god of funerals was one of the most important gods, because he helped prepare the soul for the Afterlife and escorted the dead to the hall of judgment. The Egyptians noticed jackals hanging around their graveyards, so they decided jackals must be Anubis’s sacred animals. Priests even wore jackal masks when they made the pharaoh’s body into a mummy. Anubis helped Isis make Osiris into the first mummy. Anubis is usually pictured as a man with a jackal’s head, leading a departed spirit through the Duat.

Bes
Bes is god of dwarves, protector of households, mothers and children. One of the ugliest and most popular gods in Ancient Egypt, Bes had the power to scare off evil spirits. He often appeared on amulets and in sculpture as a hairy little man with a lion-like mane and a pug nose. Egyptians believed that dwarves (and other people who were born different) were inherently magical. Bes was considered extremely good luck. He watched over the common man, children, women in childbirth, and anyone else who needed protection from evil.

Khonsu
Khonsu, the god of the moon, loved to gamble. In fact, he once lost five days of moonlight to the sky goddess Nut in a game of senet, which allowed Nut to give birth to her five children. Sometimes, Khonsu is depicted as a hawk-headed god, but more often he looks like a young man with a side-lock of hair, like an Egyptian youth. His favorite color is silver.

Nekhbet
Nekhbet is the goddess of vultures. One of the oldest goddesses of Egypt, Nekhbet was a patron of the pharaoh, and is often pictured with her wings spread over the king. Her shrine was in Nekheb, the city of the dead, where she oversaw the oldest oracle in Egypt. Like all vultures, she preyed on the dead and dying. If you see Nekhbet hovering over you, start dancing! Let her know you’re still alive!

Babi
Unlike the wise baboons of Thoth, Babi was the god of wild baboons, especially alpha males. He was aggressive and bloodthirsty, and was given the job of eating the wicked dead in the Underworld. He especially loved entrails. Yum! Babi is definitely not a primate you want to fight.

Tawaret
Tawaret is the goddess of hippos. While the Egyptians were scared of male hippos, they saw the female hippo goddess Tawaret as a gentle protector. She looked after pregnant women especially, and is often depicted with a swollen belly. Like Bes, she could scare off evil spirits.

Thank You For Reading !!!!

PETO ‘S PARADOX

What is Peto’s Paradox?
Peto’s Paradox is named after epidemiologist Richard Peto, who noted the relationship between time and cancer when he was studying how tumors form in mice. Peto observed that the probability of cancer progression was related to the duration of exposure to the carcinogen benzpyrene. He later added body mass to the equation, when he wondered why humans both contain 1000 times more cells and live 30 times longer than mice, yet the two species do not suffer incredibly different probabilities of developing cancer. Further, cancer was not a major cause of mortality for large and long-lived wild animals, despite the increased theoretical risks. How can this be?

Why is it a paradox?
In a multicellular organism, cells must go through a cell cycle that includes growth and division. Every time a human cell divides, it must copy its six billion base pairs of DNA, and it inevitably makes some mistakes. These mistakes are called somatic mutations. Some somatic mutations may occur in genetic pathways that control cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, telomere erosion, and growth of new blood vessels, disrupting the normal checks on carcinogenesis. If every cell division carries a certain chance that a cancer-causing somatic mutation could occur, then the risk of developing cancer should be a function of the number of cell divisions in an organism’s lifetime. Therefore, large bodied and long-lived organisms should face a higher lifetime risk of cancer simply due to the fact that their bodies contain more cells and will undergo more cell divisions over the course of their lifespan. However, a 2015 study that compared cancer incidence from zoo necropsy data for 36 mammals found that a higher risk of cancer does not correlate with increased body mass or lifespan. In fact, the evidence suggested that larger long-lived mammals actually get less cancer. This has profound implications for our understanding of how nature has solved the cancer problem over the course of evolution.

How can you translate a solution in some other species to prevent cancer in humans?
Ideally, comparative studies could highlight potential targets where the genetic mechanisms underlying cancer suppression in one species could be transferred to another, with clinical implications. For instance, it was found that genetically altering mice to overexpress a form of the TP53 protein conferred a cancer-suppressive phenotype; however, these mice also displayed a premature ageing phenotype. Surprisingly, another study created ‘super p53’ mice which contained extra copies of the TP53 gene—similar to the elephant genome—under their normal promoters, and these mice revealed an enhanced DNA damage response and cancer suppression without the ageing effect. Work is now underway to develop medicines based on the TP53 pathway. While the search for solutions to Peto’s Paradox across a diversity of species is still in progress, it will no doubt require substantial effort to translate recent discoveries into effective therapies for humans.

But wait, why haven’t all animals evolved extra tumor suppression mechanisms?
Cancer is a potential problem for all multicellular life and there is no expectation that a species should be completely cancer free; in fact, elephants still get cancer—about 5% of deaths in zoos according to one study. Cancer has also been found in whales. There are a few potential reasons that cancer is still a problem for multicellular animals. First, cancer defense mechanisms, such as DNA repair, cell cycle control, and immune function, can be costly. There are likely energetic trade-offs between cancer suppression and other important life history components, such as reproduction and growth. Cancer is a disease of ageing populations both because there is weaker selection to avoid problems after reproduction, and because it takes time to accumulate all the mutations necessary to cause a cancer. For animals that are short-lived (such as mice), it doesn’t make much sense to invest much in cancer defense mechanisms. These animals are more likely to die of other extrinsic causes (such as predators) than of cancer. Second, benefits early in life that increase an organism’s fitness may lead to disease susceptibility later in life, an evolutionary term called antagonistic pleiotropy. For example, there may be a genetic variant that allows an organism to get big fast—increasing its mating potential and decreasing the likelihood it will be killed by a predator—but this same genetic variant may also lead to cancer susceptibility as the animal ages.

 

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The Russian Blue Cat

If you’re searching for a pet that’s gentle and loving, the Russian blue is the perfect cat to add to your family.
Russian Blue Cat at a Glance

Gray cat with green eyes on a cat bed
Weight range:
Male: 10-12 pounds
Female: 7-10 pounds

Eye color:
Eyes are yellow with green rims as a kitten and become bright green as an adult.

Expectations:
Longevity Range: 15-20 years
Social/Attention Needs: Low
Tendency to Shed: Low

Coat:
Length: Short
Characteristics: Straight, double-coat, plush
Colors: Dark gray tipped with silver
Pattern: None. Faint stripes may be present as a kitten but disappear in adulthood.
Less Allergenic: Yes
Overall Grooming Needs: Low

Club recognition:
Cat Association Recognition:
CFA, ACFA, FIFe, TICA, WCF
Prevalence: Rare

Microbial Threats and Voyages

A research-based on the above topic:

In this paper, we’re gonna talk about Europe and what all this small continent caused.

Most of the pandemics in the past had been caused by the diseases originating in Europe. It is no surprise here. More than a billion people have died due to these diseases. Since Europeans have been colonizers in the past, they had spread their diseases to all over the world.

Let us learn about the diseases spread by this continent:

THE BLACK DEATH

  • The Black Death plague which was originally originated in China dominated Europe from 1347 to 1665. ​
  • It reached its peak in the years 1346-1356 where estimates place that around 75 million-100 million.​
  • Almost one-third of Europe perished.​

SMALL POX AND MEASLES:

  • Small Pox and Measles were the diseases that were introduced to the native population of North America brought by the Europeans.​
  • It reduce the number of native Americas by as much as 95%, killing 20 million.​
  • It was from 1509-1529

CHOLERA:

  • The third global cholera pandemic of 1852 – 1866 began on the Ganges River Delta, spreading along trade routes throughout India, and from there to Russia, China, France, England, and the United States. ​
  • In 1853–54, an epidemic of cholera broke out in London, where it claimed over 10,000 lives.​

Thank you!

DENSITY

Ever wondered why a small metal coin sinks and a big ship doesn’t?​

Oh, it’s all based on the concept of density. And the whole idea of density comes from the concept of the Archimedes principle. It is because of this principle we know why big ships float on the water, and do not sink.​

​So, what is the Archimedes principle?

Archimedes’ principle, physical law of buoyancy, discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, stating that any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force, the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

What is density?​

Density is a measure of mass per volume. The average density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. An object made from a comparatively dense material (such as iron) will have less volume than an object of equal mass made from some less dense substance (such as water).

FLOATATION:

​When a body of density ρ and volume is completely immersed in a liquid of density, the following two forces act on the body:​

1. Weight of body, W=Vρg acting vertically through the center of the gravity.​

2. Buoyant force or upward thrust, FB = V*liquid density*g equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, acting vertically upwards through the center of the buoyancy.​

​So, in simple words we can define the Archimedes principle as: when a body is wholly or partially submerged in a liquid, buoyant force acts on it thus reducing the weight of the object which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.

Depending upon these formulas, there are three cases:​

  1. W > FB , the body will sink to the bottom of the liquid. This happens when the density of solid is greater than the density of the liquid.​

2. W < FB , the body will rise above the surface of the liquid to such an extent that the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the body ( i.e. upward thrust ) becomes equal to the weight of the body. The body will then float. In this case, the density of the body is lesser than the density of the liquid.​

3. W = FB , the body is at rest anywhere in the liquid. The body will float if its whole volume is just immersed in the liquid. In this case the density of the body is equal to the density of liquid.​

Therefore from the above conditions, we now know why big ships float. This is because of density. The density of the ship is much lesser or equal to that of the water.​

Thank you!

My Role Model

“You have to dream before your dreams can come true.”- APJ Abdul Kalam

 

A role model is a person who inspires you to be like him or her. And almost everyone has a role model. Moreover, a role model can be anyone from a celebrity to a politician to your family member.

 

The missile man of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is my role model. It is not only because he has achieved great things in life and became the President of India. He is my role model because of his dedication of his entire life to the country and its people, especially children.

 

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam worked his entire life and achieved many great things in life. Becoming the President of India is an example. But there is one more thing which is of great importance. It’s that after his retirement from the Presidential post he started teaching because it was his love to children. Now that’s passion!

 

Thus, I feel that a person who understand children and has achieved everything through hard work is a person to look up to in life.

Thank You!!!

My best birthday party

Birthdays come every year but some are more special than others.

My best birthday was at age 7.
It was my best birthday because I got the best toys as surprise presents and the best chocolate cake I had and all my best friends were there.I and my best friends had so much fun, we had the cake and my favourite food:fried chicken.It was the best,I played with all my new toys and had so much fun.It was unforgettable and the best birthday I had.

What Would Be India’s History If There Were No British Invasion?

WE HAD BEEN THERE BEFORE. A time so cruel for us. A time when we endured the torture inflicted upon us. Forced to part away from our identity, freedom and love. But what would be India’s history if Aurangzeb had not issued the farman?

Well for starters, India would have discovered the route to England via the Cape of Good Hope. They probably would have voyagers conducting expeditions to search for new lands to trade. Britain at that time did not that much to sell. India would have taken Britain’s market on storm, because of the spices and variety of natural resources. This would have made India powerful than ever.

During that time, silver was on great demand for creating swords, utensils etc. As India, where silver had not been discovered by that time would probably be exported from Britain. This would be a one-way win for India as Britain would have been heavily dependent on India for almost everything.

This would have caused a vast cultural change among these two countries, predominantly in Britain as India (in this scenario) has more power in Britain. Who knows, maybe Hindi was the official language of Britain or India would have been the most powerful country now?

We have seen the cultural, economic and political changes if India had captured Britain. But what about the conditions in India? Well, India would have been a much powerful country then ever before. It would have great education system, proper housing for its citizen and oh, the monarch concept.

There wouldn’t have been any riots or even protest because India was its own country! There would have been no Swadeshi Movement, Jallianwala Bagh massacre or even Independence!

In a nutshell, India would have been a country of its own will; just ruled by different dynasties. It would have been called the world’s most powerful country. People wouldn’t have to live under the slavery. Oh, I wish this would have had happened!

How Has The Pandemic Shaped My Life

Once Albert Einstein quoted “The only source of knowledge is experience.” It’s true. So, here am I sharing my experiences under lockdown. Or in simple words; how has the pandemic changed my life.

Let me remind you that, this speech is a middle schooler point of view.

The main change that the pandemic inflicted upon my life is that now I don’t have anyone to socialize too. In this context, I mean to meet and talk to others physically. Right in front of them.

Sure, apps like Zoom and Google Meet do provide us a platform to meet and chat with our relatives and friends. But do not forget that humans are social creatures. It’s our instinct to communicate. After all, this whole world solely depends on communication. I’m now just adjusted to communication virtually.

Though we meet virtually, the idea of meeting people physically is so appealing. I don’t know, but there’s one thing I’ve understood is that I can’t live without physical communication. What about you?

For me, as a student, the biggest change in my life is related to academics. Any guesses, I promise it isn’t too hard.

Yes, you got right. It is indeed online classes.

Online classes in reality are way different than the physical traditional one that we used to attend. School.

All my life, I’d always fantasized about what would it be like if I were to attend online classes instead of schools. I wished to attain the experience of online classes. It always seemed cool to me, but now it doesn’t. Perhaps because I may have gotten bored of it.

First, the lack of physical communication. I strongly believe that learning in a school, in the same room with the teacher and student present is better than that of online school. The reason behind is because you get to engage with your classmates and the teacher can keep a check on you.

You learn much better and quicker than the online classes.

Second, internet issues. They frustrate me. I mean, how are you supposed to learn if your call hangs, or the teacher isn’t audible to you. At least, traditional schools had no disruption.

Last but not the least, in school I had the coordination of mind, eyes and hand but being online I’m losing them all. I’m a bit lethargic while writing.

Besides, there’s one more aspect that I want to bring to the audience we get distracted. When I often study on the laptop which connected to the internet, you frequently get interrupted and get urged by the other medias to search for unrequired information.

This has affected my way of learning.

As any other human, I’m now forced to wear mask, gloves and what not. Because the COVID-19 is thought to spread through contact.  I’m strictly forbidden from going outside, or in other words in lock-down. Not only I miss my previous way of life I detest the pandemic. Its too hard to maintain social distancing, wearing masks etc.

Wearing masks and maintaining social distancing is often now symbolic to a bird within a cage. We all want freedom. It can be in various ways, but for now is to go out safely without any precautions. You could possible call me ignorant and vain, but we all want to free of them, don’t we?

To sum up, I would like to go back to the old ways of my life; more of physical socialising, schools and doubt clearing. In the end, I understand that its impossible to do the above until the vaccine is out!

Thank you.

My Teacher’s Day Speech

A very Good Morning to one and all present here.

 

Today, on the auspicious day of Teacher’s day, I am here to deliver a speech on the Importance of Teachers.

 

Now let me tell you a story. One day, a teacher asked her students about their ambition. Many students said Doctor, Engineer, etc. But one student said, I want to be a teacher.” The teacher asked “Why?” He gave his answer “Behind every doctor, engineer or any other occupation, there is a teacher” The teacher, her eyes filled with tears, hugged the boy.

 

What that little boy said was true. Education is essential to be someone in the society and our dear hardworking teachers are the mediators. Whether the teacher is a male or female, teaches Maths or Science, is strict or lenient, a teacher is a teacher and that is a universal truth.

 

Teachers are a special blessing from God to us. They are the ones who build a good nation and make the world a better place. A teacher teaches us the importance of a pen over that of a sword. They are like the building blocks of society who educate people and make them better human beings.

 

A teacher is one who does not merely focus on our academic performance but our overall development. Only then can a student truly grow. Thus, good teachers will understand their student’s problems and try to deal with them correctly. They make the student feel like they always have someone to talk to if they are alone.

 

To conclude my speech, teachers are our friend, parent, role model, guardian and much more and we must always remember the lessons taught by them.

Thank You and have a Happy Teacher's Day!!

Good things about COVID

I’m quite sure that everybody here knows about COVID and all the bad things that come with it. You have to stay home, you can’t shake hands, you have to wear a mask if you want to go outside, you have to frequently wash your hands, people are losing their jobs because of the lockdown, and more! The majority of your time thinking about COVID would be about the bad things from this virus. But there are many good things about it as well! These good things are going to help us in the long-term. In this blog, I’ll focus on the two best things that have come from this pandemic. 

One of the best long-term benefits of this virus is the reduction in pollution. This was probably the most obvious. Traffic from cars, flights, trains, and other forms of transportation has largely reduced. This is in turn has greatly reduced the amount of pollution. In China, for example, it’s estimated that at least 78,000 would’ve died due to pollution. But instead, 4600 people died due to COVID. This is happening in many other places too. Within the first week of lockdown, India’s air pollution has dropped to the lowest it has been in the last 20 years. When my mother went to India in January, the airport runway was barely visible when her plane landed in Dehli. But now, Delhi has clear skies. People in Dehli can now breathe fresh air and have a much lower chance of a variety of diseases that are much more dangerous than COVID.

Another long-term effect of COVID is going to be the digitization of everything. People are starting to see that it is largely possible to do the majority of IT jobs from home. Google, for example, is going to let their workers stay home until July 2021. They might one day conclude that there is no need to go to the office the majority of the time. This going to reduce the amount of pollution(people will be commuting less) and it’s going to save a lot of money. This will in turn allow for Google and other IT companies to allocate less money to office costs and more money for innovation. 

Overall, COVID has done a lot of bad things for everybody around the world. But benefits like this are a nice silver lining to an otherwise terrible situation. 

How Does the Media Influences Us?

A few weeks back, I was watching a debate with my family on television. It was about an ongoing disputed case over the death of a famous Bollywood actor. And the debate was toxic; insults were being spewed at each other, people were politicizing the issue and henceforth on. But what disturbed me, was that the anchor was a very biased person. I’m not siding with anyone here, but I believe that a matter has two sides. And as an anchor, it was his responsibility to hear both sides. After reading the comments, I was even more shocked to learn that people sided with a biased view; and here I learned the power of media. How it can truly influence us.

So here am I, Reneeka Kumar, to present my views and to educate the power of media. How can you be influenced by the media?

Before I start discussing my beliefs, primary enlightenment to media is necessary. So, what is the media? Well, your television is the media. Your local newspaper is the media. Even, the internet is the media. In simple words, the media is a means of communication. Now, now, now; you must be wondering: “Reneeka, how possibly in this world, can media influence us?”

Chill, I’m getting there.

Media is a powerful tool that can be used to change our way of thinking, our perception of the world. It’s absurd, and no one’s immune to it. In reality, the people who are “immune” to media are more prone to the influence.

We have two faces of media, in other words, pros and cons. The good and the ugly. Let me start with the positive faction of media, the pro.

The positive effect of media: for starters, it has made the current generation aware of the issues going all around the world. As rightly said by Dave Wallis, “Don’t use social media to impress people; use it to impact people.” And that’s what the media is doing!

On news channels and social networking sites like Twitter and Youtube, you can get to see videos and read interviews about influential people. See videos about the extra-ordinary people who made a positive impact on our society. Those who motivate us to become a better person, a better generation.

You also, learn about the current issues of the world. Poverty, diseases, national security risk, peace, harmful usage of drugs, etc. Because of this, people are now more aware of the world and can do something about it. In a way or another, it’s contributing towards a bright future.

You see, how can media truly impact our views? Influence and make us a better person with an open mind? But, sadly, this doesn’t happen all the time. Remember, media is just a tool. In reality, it is used by people to push their negative propaganda.

This brings us to question and learn about the negative effects of media.
Who here, once in their life, have seen the “Fair and Lovely”? For those who don’t know, this advert teaches us the so-called superiority of “fair skin”. That you’re nothing without a fair skin, kyunki chitta gora he sabse accha hein! This negatively corrupts our minds, and actively promotes racism! There are more adverts like these that contribute towards discrimination and hatred. To note: as of date, backlash and criticism have forced the company to change the company’s name. It’s now, “Glow and Lovely”.

The media plays an important role in informing us about the latest news. But, the news we see, to what extent is true and biased? Most of the time, the media provides us a piece of biased news and only lets us know, about one side! One that will increase more views! In this way, people are not truly educated and this, once again, leads to hate and violence.

In a nutshell, the media influences you, your thoughts, and your actions. Media plays an active part in shaping your personality, your character.
You must have heard, “You are what you eat.” Well, I say, that you are what you see.

We can’t expect to see any changes to the functioning of media any time soon, so, as a responsible human being, it is your duty to take the responsibility of the media you see or do.

So, the next time when you see the video of a Karen refusing to wear a mask because “things gotta breathe”, don’t just don’t idolized her.

Thank you!

Thylacoleo carnifex

Thylacoleo carnifex, a marsupial lion, is an extinct species of carnivorous marsupial mammal that lived in Australia from the early to the late Pleistocene (1.6 million–46 thousand years ago).[1] Despite its name, it is not closely related to the lion, but is a member of the order Diprotodontia, one of the taxonomic groups of Australian marsupials.

Description
A species of Thylacoleo, it is the largest meat-eating mammal known to have ever existed in Australia, and one of the larger metatherian carnivores of the world (comparable to Thylacosmilus and Borhyaena species, but smaller than Proborhyaenidae). Individuals ranged up to around 75 cm (30 in) high at the shoulder and about 150 cm (59 in) from head to tail. Measurements taken from a number of specimens show they averaged 101 to 130 kg (223 to 287 lb) in weight, although individuals as large as 124–160 kg (273–353 lb) might not have been uncommon, and the largest weight was of 128–164 kg (282–362 lb).[2] This would make it comparable to female lions and female tigers in general size.

The animal was extremely robust with powerfully built jaws and very strong forelimbs. It possessed retractable claws, a unique trait among marsupials. This would have allowed the claws to remain sharp by protecting them from being worn down on hard surfaces. The claws were well-suited to securing prey and for climbing trees. The first digits (“thumbs”) on each hand were semi-opposable and bore an enlarged claw. Palaeontologists believe this would have been used to grapple its intended prey, as well as providing it with a sure footing on tree trunks and branches. The hind feet had four functional toes, the first digit being much reduced in size, but possessing a roughened pad similar to that of possums, which may have assisted with climbing. The discovery in 2005 of a specimen which included complete hind feet provided evidence that the marsupial lion exhibited syndactyly (fused second and third toes) like other diprotodonts.[3]

The species hindquarters were also well-developed, although to a lesser extent than the front of the animal. Remains of the animal show it had a relatively thick and strong tail and the vertebrae possessed chevrons on their undersides where the tail would have contacted the ground. These would have served to protect critical elements such as nerves and blood vessels if the animal used its tail to support itself when on its hind legs, much like present day kangaroos do. Taking this stance would free up its fore limbs to tackle or slash at its intended victim.[4] The discovery of complete skeletons preserving both the tail and clavicles (collarbones) in Australia’s Komatsu Cave in the town of Naracoorte and Flight Star Cave in the Nullarbor Plain, indicate the marsupial lion had a thick, stiff tail that comprised half the spinal column’s length. The tail may have been used in novel behaviors not seen in other marsupials, and was probably held aloft continuously. The discovery of the clavicle indicates that the marsupial lion may have had a similar type of locomotion to the modern Tasmanian devil.

Evolutionary relationships
The ancestors of thylacoleonids are believed to have been herbivores, something unusual for carnivores. Cranial features and arboreal characteristics suggest that thylacoleonids share a common ancestor with wombats.[6] While other continents were sharing many of their predators amongst themselves, as they were connected by land, Australia’s isolation caused many of its normally docile herbivorous species to turn carnivorous.[7] Possum-like features were once thought to indicate that the marsupial lion’s evolutionary path was from a phalangeriform ancestor, however, scientists agree that more prominent features suggest a vombatiform ancestry. However, the recently discovered Microleo is a possum-like animal.

The marsupial lion’s limb proportions and muscle mass distribution indicate that, although it was a powerful animal, it was not a particularly fast runner. Paleontologists conjecture that it was an ambush predator, either sneaking up and then leaping upon its prey, or dropping down on it from overhanging tree branches (a behaviour that may have been preserved in tribal memory and been the original inspiration for the fictional animal the drop bear, per a BBC documentary series[13]). This is consistent with the depictions of the animal as striped: camouflage of that kind is needed for stalking and hiding in a largely forested habitat (like tigers) rather than chasing across open spaces (like lions).[14] Trace fossils in the form of claw marks and bones from caves in Western Australia analyzed by Gavin Prideaux et al. indicate marsupial lions could also climb rock faces, and likely reared their young in such caves as a way of protecting them from potential predators.[15] It is thought to have hunted large animals such as the enormous Diprotodon and giant browsing kangaroos like Sthenurus and Procoptodon, and competed with other predatory animals such as the giant monitor lizard, megalania, and terrestrial crocodiles such as Quinkana. The marsupial lion may have cached kills in trees in a manner similar to the modern leopard.[16] Like many predators, it was probably also an opportunistic scavenger, feeding on carrion and driving off less powerful predators from their kills. It also may have shared behaviours exhibited by recent diprotodont marsupials such as kangaroos, like digging shallow holes under trees to reduce body temperature during the day.

Why I Like to Write?

Some people have a hard time to express their creativity and innovative minds. Some people speak it out, while others do. I am a part of this group and I express my creativity by writing.

 

There are many ways by which writing has helped me in my day-to-day life. For instance, like now. I am sharing my thoughts on writing, which I can’t do while speaking. I feel the anxiety shooting up when I speak. Whereas, while writing, I feel calm and relaxed. This differs for other people and I am not forcing you to write because writing requires an interest and it can’t come out of nowhere. So, if you feel to write a small story or a long lecture, you need interest.

 

 While reading gives you knowledge, writing gives satisfaction along with it. For example, making a cake gives you more happiness than a store-bought cake. Similarly, you get more satisfaction when you do an assignment yourself and not someone else doing it for you. So what I am trying to say here is that you are happier when you do it yourself. And that’s why, I like to write.

 

Thank You!!!

JANMASTHAMI

What is janmasthami, janmasthmi is birth of lord krisna. lord krishna has so many names like yassodev makkhan chor kesav lord krisna is a god he likes makkhan makkhan is made of curd and ghee . when melt to together then bees makkhan lord krishna’s elder brother balram was smart in pouch and mace lord krishna’s mother yasshoda father yassodev . lord krishna killed kanas’ s 10 storng fitghers . lord krishna killed 5 and lord blaram also killed 5 after that lord krishna killed kanas then he unlokced his orignal parents. thers orignal king then he met 5 brothers there name was yudister , bheem , arjun ,nakul , sadev .

Intro to Kobe Bryant’s Life

Kobe Bryant was born in Philadelphia to Joe Bryant and Pamela Cox Bryant and had two elder sisters named Sharla and Shaya. He fell in love with basketball “from the moment he started rolling his dad’s tube socks and shooting imaginary game-winning shots.” From an early age, Bryant played basketball and football and was a fan of the basketball team ‘Los Angeles Lakers’ and the football team ‘AC Milan.’ He played basketball at Lower Merion High School and won them a state championship after 53 years. Bryant was named Pennsylvania Player of the Year and got attention from college recruiters in the process.
Bryant wrote the poem “Dear Basketball” in 2015 and narrated a short film of the poem two years later. His work won an Academy Award for the best animated short film and in 2018 Bryant published the book The Mamba Mentality: How I Play which explained his approach to basketball and the nickname he put upon himself when he played, “The Black Mamba.” Kobe Bryant and his 13-year-old daughter Gianna Bryant were among a group of nine people going to a girls basketball game in a helicopter when it crashed into a hillside, killing all the people aboard. Over the course of his lifetime, Kobe Bryant had a major impact on the people around him. He didn’t just win everyone’s hearts by playing basketball, but all the other smaller things too. Kobe Bryant was a legend.

Works CIted:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kobe-Bryant
https://www.theplayerstribune.com/en-us/articles/dear-basketball
https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/01/us/kobe-bryant-in-his-own-words-trnd/index.html
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/kobe-bryant-3958.php
https://theundefeated.com/features/chronicling-the-career-and-life-of-kobe-bryant/

The Importance of Net Neutrality

Net neutrality is something about which you may not know. But it is of utmost importance in the age of the internet. In this blog post, I will explain to you what net neutrality is, why it is so important, and ways that it is being jeopardized.  

First of all, what is net neutrality? Net neutrality is a law that prohibits internet service providers such as Verizon and Jio from discriminating on internet traffic. This essentially means that they have to treat all internet traffic equally. They can’t deliberately slow down some traffic or speed up other traffic. For example, if Amazon bribed Verizon into slowing down the traffic from all of the other online shops, this would be illegal and they would be punished. Conversely, if Verizon slowed down the traffic from Amazon and tried to blackmail them into paying money, Amazon could take Verizon to court and win easily. 

Why is this important to the average consumer like you and me? This is important because the user experience of some sites could deteriorate quite a lot if the service providers try anything like that. For example, back in December of 2013 people who used Comcast experienced a sharp drop in quality of the streaming from Netflix. The video quality was about half as good as before, and the videos were buffering much more than before. Users of Netflix and Comcast suffered from this for two months before Netflix and Comcast struck a deal. This is luckily not that common, but imagine what would happen if they tried to do something like this to something much more popular like YouTube or Google. Things like this only will make the internet worse for everyone as it undermines the fact that the internet was made for people to communicate and view content as they wish, consumers shouldn’t have to suffer like this just because their internet service provider(which they already pay for) wants even more money. Not to mention the fact that this by principle ruins the purpose of the internet(to freely communicate). 

How is net neutrality be being jeopardized? This is mainly in the US, but the US has a large influence over the rest of the world and is the third-largest consumer of the internet behind India and China. In 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Ajit Pai to be the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission(FCC). This is the Commission that enforces and passes laws that regulates everything internet-related in the US. He is firmly anti-net-neutrality and rolled back a lot of the regulations that were created to ensure net-neutrality.   As of right now, the FCC no longer enforces this law and it is up to the individual states to do so. To make this even worse, many countries follow the US a lot in these situations, so this could really affect many, many people.

I hope you have a good understanding of this issue now. 

If I could change one thing about the world I would…….

Don’t you have a hard time to decide? Don’t worry. You are not alone. We all are like that. But, what if your decision could affect the entire world? Now that’s even more stressful than normal.

 

Now, if I was given this responsibility, I would bring a change in the education system of the world. Don’t you hate learning more than what you need? Me too. What I would do is from 8th grade, you have a choice to choose your own course which makes it easier for many children who has difficulty in other subjects. Then, there won’t be a public exams like Board exams and we could even get a job faster than before. All the children will remember me as their hero and I will be written in the Books of History. 

 

Unfortunately, I don’t have the power to do that. But if someone does that, one of my dreams will be fulfilled.

Thank You!!

GANESH CHATURTHI

  
Ganesh Chaturthi , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi (Vinayak Chaturthi), is a Hindu festival celebrating the arrival of Ganesh to earth from Kailash Parvat with his mother Goddess Parvati/Gauri. The festival is marked with the installation of Ganesh clay idols privately in homes, or publicly on elaborate pandals (temporary stages). Observations include chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts such as, prayers and vrat (fasting).[3] Offerings and prasad from the daily prayers,  that  are distributed from the pandal to the community, include sweets such as modak as it is believed to be a favourite of Lord Ganesh. The festival ends on the tenth day after start, when the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting, then immersed in a nearby body of water such as a river or sea. In Mumbai alone, around 150,000 statues are immersed annually. Thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesh is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva. The festival celebrates Lord Ganesh as the God of New Beginnings and the Remover of Obstacles as well as the god of wisdom and intelligence and is observed throughout India, especially in the states such as MaharashtraGoaKarnatakaMadhya PradeshAndhra PradeshKeralaTelanganaOdishaWest BengalGujarat and Chhattisgarh, and is usually celebrated privately at home in Tamil Nadu. Ganesh Chaturthi is also observed in Nepal and by the Hindu people elsewhere such as in AustraliaNew ZealandCanadaSingaporeMalaysiaTrinidad and TobagoGuyanaSuriname, other parts of the CaribbeanFijiMauritiusSouth Africa[12] United States, and Europe. In the Gregorian calendar Ganesh Chaturthi falls between 22 August and 20 September every year.
At public venues, along with the reading of texts and group feasting, athletic and martial arts competitions are also held.[15]
I like GaneshChaturthi as there are a lot of sweets offered to ganesha and other people, every year there is a function in our apartment with lots of fun and devotion by everyone serving Ganesha. He generally stays here for 3 days after which a group of people go for visarjan to nearby lake. Ganesh Chaturthi is generally on week days because of which we also get 2-3 days  of holiday.





Dinosaurs – Dimorphodon

About Dimorphodon

Dimorphodon is a pterosaur which lived approximately 175 million to 160 million years ago – from the Middle Jurassic Period through the Late Jurassic Period. It was first discovered during the 19th century and was named by Richard Owen in 1859. Its name means “two-formed tooth.” It was given this name because it had two different types of teeth in its jaws. The front teeth looked like they were designed to grab prey and its back ones look like it was used to grind things up.

If you look closely at Dimorphodon pictures, then you might be quick to come to the conclusion that someone drew this animal wrong. After all, it does have that look like it was a model that somebody put together wrong – that somehow it large head was placed on its slender body by mistake. However, I assure you that is how this flying reptile actually looked.

Dimorphodon was approximately 2 feet long, weighed around 2 pounds and had a wingspan of about 4 feet. That made it about the size of a modern-day American Crow. However, it was probably a whole lot scarier than today’s crows because it did have that head that was filled with razor-sharp teeth. Teeth that could have been used to eat fish but may have also been used to eat insects as well. Paleontologists are quite sure at the moment.

One of the most interesting facts about Dimorphodon is that it had a long tail with a flap of skin at the end that was shaped like a diamond. Paleontologists believe that this was used to stabilize it during flight – much in the same way a tail is used to stabilize a kite. Which probably means that this pterosaur soared instead of actually flying, although it may have done a combination of both depending on the situation.

 

Dinosaurs – Scutosaurus

About Scutosaurus
Scutosaurus was an anapsid reptile which lived approximately 250 million years ago during the Late Permian Period. It was first discovered during the 1920s in Russia and was named by Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii in 1922. Its name means “shield lizard” in Greek.

As you can probably tell from Scutosaurus pictures, this para-reptile was a massive creature. It was approximately 6 feet long – or about as long as a human male is long and weighed around 1,000 pounds – or a little more than what a horse weighs. It had thick bones and was also heavy muscled, which made it pretty strong. It was also covered in armor plates that would have given it some kind of defense against creatures which may have tried to have eaten it. Which it would’ve needed considering that it was probably pretty slow.

However, one of the most interesting facts about Scutosaurus isn’t its enormous size or its armor plating. No, what is interesting is that it probably wandered the flood plains of Eurasia like buffalo did on the plains of North America, hundreds of millions of years later. Paleontologists believe these huge herds of Scutosaurus would bellow to each other – much in the way cows do today. This has been substantiated by this creature’s huge cheeks which would have acted as bellows to allow them to communicate with each other.

Traveling in packs would have given this armored animal yet another form of defense. Herds provide animals a better chance of surviving a predator attack. Usually, when a predator attacks a herd it picks out the slowest or weakest of the herd. This allows the rest of the herd to escape. One of the predators which may have tried to attack Scutosaurus was Inostrancevia – a therapsid which had huge saber-tooth like teeth.

Scutosaurus lived on a diet of the dry vegetation which existed during this time and it had teeth that could get the job done. Its big, flat teeth could grind down plant matter so it could be further processed in its enormous gut. Most likely, this grazing anapsid reptile would have had to have eaten a whole lot of plants and grasses to maintain its enormous weight.

Pollution

when you get up in the morning the clean fresh air washes out your sleep. Where as in the night when you go out you just can’t breathe .it is all because of pollution. If I had to define pollution I would say

Pollution is something introduced into nature that is dirty unclean or has a harmful effect. Toxic waste dumped into water is an example of pollution. It refers to the chemical substances into the environment that is injurious for human, animals and plant life. The water, air noise and other forms of pollution is one terminology is known as the pollution of echo system.
There are many types of pollution, that are water , visual , thermal , plastic , noise , light and air
The measures of noise pollution are
Normal conversation level- 40 – 60 db
Health hazard- more than 80 db is safe
If someone just comes and shouts in your ears whaaaa you would become Heebie - jeebies Heebie-jeebies
These unusual words are used to express a feeling of fear and being uncomfortable
Few examples are
Heavy traffic – 90 db
Sound of aircraft engine – 100 – 200 db
Now imagine your house being just next to the airport, in midnight when the flight takes off how would it feel and so people don’t generally like to stay near airport.
The level of air quality is
Good 0 – 50 no risk
Moderate 51 -100 acceptable
Unhealthy for sensitive group 101 – 150 sensitive group experience health effects normal people don’t get affected
Unhealthy  151 – 200  everyone may experience health effect
Very unhealthy  201 – 300  health alert :  everyone may experience health effects
Hazardous 301 – 500 the entire population is effected
Impact- Over a million die prematurely every year due to air pollution , according to non profit health effects institute. Over a two million children – half of which in Delhi , have abnormalities in their lung functions , according to Delhi heart & lung institute , over the past decade air pollution has increased in India significantly. Asthma is the most common health problem faced by Indians and its accounts for more than half of health issues caused by air pollution
After , so much info about pollution . Let’s have some ways to prevent it

Conserve energy
Carpool , public transportation , bike or walk wherever possible
Keep car , boat and other engines properly tuned
Consider gas logs instead of wood
Reduce no. Of trips you take in your car
Conserve electricity

MY TRIP TO RAMGNAGAR

Since the lockdown kicked off, I could not go out and was getting very bored .

So, we decided to go out to places less visited. We chose places of natural beauty which wasn’t far away as we had to come back in evening.  We wanted to avoid crowded place and to maintain social distancing. We planned basic precautions like wearing mask, carrying sanitizer. We carried even food and tea from home so as to avoid contacts.

We chose the places which, we assumed, no one else would. If that would be the case, we were to find out.

Planning

5 families planned for the trip. But 2 families dropped out for different reasons, leaving 3 families in the plan.

On the D-day, 1 car tire got punctured and Ankit Uncle was left stranded in Indiranagar. At the end, 2 families went for picnic – Amar Uncle’s and ours.

The first stop – Big Banyan Tree

Imagine a tree,450 years old and spread over almost 3 acres of land – size equivalent to almost 2.5 football fields. It’s a nature’s wonder and also boasts of  open space to run, play and have fun. The tree has so many secondary branches of the tree that no one knows where the primary root is. The tree has many branches which 100 of monkeys have made their habitat. It was fun to watch those monkeys jumping on and off the branches of the gigantic tree.

THIS IS A SINGLE TREE STRETCHING THIS FAR


Alas, to our disappointment, the entrance to the tree park was closed – thanks to COVID-19. Nonetheless, again thanks to the same covid-19, the adjoining restaurant was closed too. The restaurant has lot of open space and the provides a comprehensive view of the tree. We stood there for some time, took snaps and enjoyed the monkey business. The most adoring was the way mummy monkey was taking care of baby monkey.

Off to second pit stop

Having been disappointed by closure of the banyan tree, we decided to go to  Savandurga. Savandurga is  a hill 60 km west of Bangalore off the Magadi road. The hill is considered to be among the largest monolith hills in Asia. The hill rises to 1226 m above mean sea level and forms a part of the Deccan plateau.

Half way through to the monolith, we saw many cars parked on roadside. There was a small hillock nearby. Supercalifragilisticexpialidocius could be the term to describe the view. There was a dam nearby, river all over the place with lots of greenery and hills to rejoice the mind. Seeing the scenery, we decided to stay for a while, so we sat down and had tea, the tea was made tastier by the view we saw. Having enjoying the view for some time, we decided to move on to savandurga.

VIEW THE HILLOCK

SAVANDURGA is a monolith approx.50 km away from Bangalore. It was huge. A monolith enough to exhaust a person trekking the wrong way in a min. With my dad I made a plan to go trekking there the coming weekend.

RAMNAGAR made famous by name RAMGAD in Sholay movie was our next destination. Against our expectations, there were many people visiting the place, we roamed and saw few places, sitting there we had our lunch, played football and cricket. The sun was moving towards west, sky turning light blue when we started back to home. We reached around 6.  Believe me this was an amazing trip. You people too should go

RAMNAGAR HILL

MY SUNDAY TRIP

my Sunday trip was at 16th of august one day after independence day . and 2 families and my father ‘s office friend but my father’s friend tier got. puncher. then first we went to big banyan tree but it was locked .

then we gone to Shavan Durga .then we gone to Ramnagar .

then we gone to Ramnagar lake . then we came home at 6:30.

ganesh chaturti

Ganesh chaturti is lord ganesh ‘s birth .

and he has a mouse friend mushak .

mushak calls lord ganesh prabhu.

lord ganesh’s mother name was parvati and father name was shiv .

lord ganesh eats lots of mhudan and ladoos

he liked them both sweets

then lord shiv was angry on lord ‘ ganesh .

then lord shiv throwed his wepoan and cut lord ganesh ‘s head .

then they put a elephant head .

MY SELF

Good mornig everybody. I am Prakhar

a boy of 7 years . my name means ‘ bright’

and so am i . my parents teachers and friends

say that i am a bright student

i study in class 2 of PSBBLLA.

i love studying English Math and since .

my elders brother name is adyant .

he plays with me and lets me do naughty stuff

but sometimes he calls me monkey

as i love jumping,ruunig , and having fun .

my fathers name is prashant

and mothers name is aditi i love them both

thank you

Tom and Jerry – Are they really Enemies?

We have all seen this fantastic duo. They fight, team up and sometimes fool each other in a very funny way. But are they really enemies?

 

The answer is no, they are best friends. Tom is actually fond of Jerry as a friend and vice versa. However, as Jerry is a rodent and Tom is a cat, they pursue to play pranks and escape from each other. For example, in an episode, when Tom is thrown out for another cat, he and Jerry team up to throw the other cat out of the house. This proves that they are friends.

 

No matter how much ever they fight, they are, and will always be the best of friends.

Thank You!!

My favorite country

I want tell you about one of my favorite countries which is called the land of the rising sun aka Japan.

I like japan because it is a safe and disciplined country. It is the most futuristic country in the world. They have the best seafood also. They also have awesome robots too. Their culture is also very fascinating. As you all know,Japan is a island on the pacific coast near the Korean peninsula and some islands connect to Russia. They are famous for Sushi and Ramen. It’s capital is Tokyo. Some other important cities are Osaka and Kyoto. Did you know that Pacman and Mario were made in Japan? These are fun games to play.

Japanese culture is one of mutual respect and traditional values.

Beauty lies in the Eye of the Beholder

When you see a beautiful meadow filled with wildlife, you enjoy the beauty of nature. Beauty is appreciated by the ‘most’ of us, while some people can’t fully take it for some unknown reason. But when it comes to people, we can’t judge them just by appearance.

 

Physical attractiveness are deceptions. What really matters is the nature of a person. It is true that beautiful or handsome people are more appealing. But we can have a reliable relationship and long lasting trust only on the personalities of people.

 

For example, have you ever eaten a jack fruit? Though its outer covering is thick and hard, its inside is soft and sweet. Similarly, people can never be judged only by their looks or appearances. So always remember that ” Beauty lies in the Eye of the Beholder “

Thank You!!!

My Best Friend

Everyone has missed your best friend including me. During this lock down we get bored without our friends especially our best friend. My best friend is Pransukh Daniel. He and I will enjoy a lot in school like, making fun of everyone, playing, fighting and throwing paper balls at each other. We also tell our dreams or nightmares to each other, which sometimes tells our future. It happened that Pransukh told my future after listening my dream. My dream was, I was playing with Pransukh and an undiscovered creature came which when it bites anyone in 48 hours or on the 48th hour fire comes out of our head which leads us to blasting our head in 10 minutes. The creature bit me and Pransukh mixed all the medicines he had with him and told me to drink it, I asked what it is, he told me that it is a cure for the bite. I believed in him and drank the medicine, surprisingly it worked! He listened my dream and told some insect will bite me and fire will come on my hair. That day our class teacher asked us to bring match sticks and a glass. We all bought match sticks and I lit the stick as teacher told and she told to take some of the candles kept in the classroom. I did as the teacher told and the table was very small for me, I kept the stick holding in front of my head and I lit the candle and I bent to take my glass, that time the stick touched my hair and fire was burning in my head. One of my friend took the fire extinguisher and splashed carbon- di- oxide and the full classroom was filled with the gas, the dream came true.

The best thing about friend is that they always give support and some facts about them are:
They are like siblings to us
They always help us
They sacrifice themselves

Thank You

By A V Sai Harish

What Will Happen In Future

In future,there will only be robot cars,robot scooters,and pets will also be robots and if we will wear a future dress then there will be 4 buttons like if we press the first button,then from our legs there will be some wheels and if we bend front then we will go faster than a cheetah OMG! and if we press the second button then we will fly up! and if we press the third button we can fly up slowly like a helicopter and enjoy the nature and if we press the fourth button we can go like boat in water. Thanks

Blog by A.S. Sai Bhargav

To Value Things

My dad always said that everyone should value things because they teach us something new when we handle it for the first time. It happened to me also like, when I was playing guitar and using badminton racket for the first time. For guitar, when I played it, I was shocked because, when I saw it when I was small, I didn’t like it very much, but now everyone is appreciating me. When I was using badminton racket in the court for the first time, I was very weak at playing, but now I can play many tournaments in the court and won some of them.

Some people also do “Ayuda Pooja” Ayuda means thing and Pooja means praying. They do this prayer because they value their things and pray because it should last for a long time. We should value things because they will give you the name and the fame, when we do not value things they will break and you will not get anything.

why is it important to learn?

The important subject in learning is math because if we don’t learn math then if we go to a shop and for the item you want is a bed the cost of it is 10,000$ and you don’t know to add, divide,and subtract and multiply. then if the shopkeeper will take the money even more, then it’s cheating no that’s why you should always learn. you should learn also other subjects like Environmental science,computer science,english,social science and etc. and don’t forget to get 100/100 in all subjects and and to get 1st rank in the exam.

Thanks

Blog by A.S. Sai Bhargav

Technology- Has it changed for the good?

Imagine you surviving in a place where smartphones didn’t exist. How long can you survive? Days, Weeks, Months? Let’s say, not even an hour! (except while sleeping.)

 

Lets face it. We are addicted to it. So addicted that we can’t measure it! Don’t you hear your elders say how they had not seen a phone before, until they had entered their first job. Did you know that most of the people before our generation had not seen a phone until 2000!

 

Now-a-days, our life rests entirely on technology. For example, when our parents were of our age, their only way of communication were letters or phone booths. But, now we have a variety of applications in our fingertips!

 

But best things always come with a cost. Now-a-days, technology is being misused a lot. And with the increase in technology, there is also an increase in the crimes taking place globally.

Another evil, being done is Cyber bullying. It has become so outrageous that it was the main death factor of numerous teens in the year 2018. Though technology is being made for good, we misuse it to create havoc.

 

But this does not mean that technology is bad or it should be demolished. It is our responsibility to reduce the risk of being attacked, by, securing our IDs and passwords properly. So, let’s all team up together for the rise of technology against cyber misshappening.

Thank You!!

Music-What I love about it

“One good thing about music, when it hits      you, you feel no pain.”

― Bob Marley

Don’t we all love to hear the melody of songs and background scores that we love? Scientifically, music is the same as cars honking, alarms ringing and your parents shouting at you!!


Yeah, it is true. Our life is surrounded by ‘music’ around us, although not as pleasant as the ones we always wish to hear. But let’s take the music that we like. Do you wonder why it is very relaxing to listen and would love to hear it again? It is because it gives you positivity to move on throughout the day.


What I love about music is the variety of types it has. My favorite type is Jazz. It gives me those ‘cool vibes’ and its slow-paced speed helps me to focus more and be calm.


Another reason why I love music is because I get to play it. As a Keyboard student, I tend to play tunes that I hear in my daily life. I have achieved many certifications and awards for playing the keyboard and music is the reason for it.

 

 For these reasons and more,

I Love Music!!!

Leisure Poem

What is this life if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.

No time to stand beneath the boughs
And stare as long as sheep or cows.

No time to see, when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.

No time to see, in broad daylight,
Streams full of stars, like skies at night.

No time to turn at Beauty’s glance,
And watch her feet, how they can dance.

No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began.

A poor life this is if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare. 

Importance of Yoga

Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word, ‘YUJ’. It means to join, connect, or unite. It is the union of individual consciousness with universal consciousness. Yoga is 5000 years old Indian philosophy. It was first mentioned in the oldest sacred text – The Rig Veda (Vedas were a collection of texts containing mantras, spiritual information, songs and rituals to be used by Brahmins, the Vedic priests.

Yoga is being practiced in Indian society for thousands of years. A person doing yoga will move from one posture to the other called Asana. Yoga benefits people who practice it regularly.

The form of exercises performed in Yoga is called ‘Asana’ which is capable of bringing about the stability of body and mind. Yoga Asana is the simplest and easiest way to reduce our excess weight and keep fit.

ORIGIN OF YOGA

Yoga originated in ancient India thousands of years ago, long before the first religion or belief system was born. It is believed that Shiva is the first Yogi or Adiyogi and the first guru. Thousands of years ago, on the banks of Lake Kantisarovar in the Himalayas, Adiyogi shared his knowledge into legendary seven sages as it was hard to put all his wisdom and knowledge in one person. The sages took this powerful yogic science to various parts of the world, including Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and South America. India is blessed to have found the yogic system in its fullest expression.

The fossil remains of Indus-Saraswati civilization are evidence of the presence of Yoga in ancient India. This presence finds a mention in folk traditions. It is included in the Indus valley civilization, Buddhist and Jain traditions. According to the studies, Yoga was being practiced under the direct guidance of a Guru and its spiritual value was given a lot of importance. Sun was given the highest importance during the Vedic period and that’s how Suryanamaskar was invented later on.

However, Maharishi Patanjali is known as the father of Modern Yoga. He did not invent Yoga as it was already there in various forms. He assimilated it into the system. He saw that it was getting quite complex for anyone to understand it in any meaningful way. So he assimilated and included all aspects into a certain format – Yoga Sutras.

The role of breath is very important in the practice of Asana or Yoga positions. Breath is a vital force and our body requirement of oxygen changes depending on our actions. If we exercise then we require more oxygen hence the breathing becomes faster and if we are relaxing then our breathing becomes relaxed and deep. In yoga, the focus is integrated on the breath while indulging in slow movements as well as while doing complete Asana. Yoga promotes smooth and relaxed inhalation and exhalation during the practice.

Conclusion

Yoga is only partially understood as being limited to Asana. But people fail to realize the immense benefits yoga offers in uniting the body, mind, and breath. Yoga can be opted and practiced by any age group and any body size. It is possible for anyone to start. The size and the fitness level don’t matter as there are modifications for every yoga asana according to different people.

Importance of Money

Money is all about being self-dependent – Money makes you self-dependent which means that you are no more dependent on anyone but can fulfill your life’s desires on your own. With the help of money, you can buy anything you like and need not ask others for it. So you can say that money gives you the power to be self-dependent and there is no better feeling than this.
No financial problem – Money gives you the ability to put an end to your financial problems but this is only possible if you manage it in the right way. Even with less salary you can make out the most of your investments and have a stable life. Many people earn a lot of salaries but are in debt because of the mismanagement that leads to numerous problems. So make sure there is a perfect management of your finances which keeps you stress-free.
Live life to the fullest – The real joys of life come with money. Like, you can go on a vacation only if you have money. If you wish to live a lavish like you require money for it. So to live your life to the fullest you need money so that you can get everything that you are looking for. The luxuries of life can easily be purchased with the money thus enabling you to live a happy lifestyle.
Free to take your decisions – As already discussed above, money gives you power which means that you are free to make your choices and make the decisions that are best for you. One need not depend on anyone or feel any pressure as it is your life and you have the right to do what you want to. Thus you can take decisions easily no matter what the situation is.
You can offer a better life to your family – If you want your family to be happy, money is something that you will need the most. Apart from the basic requirements of food and clothes, you need to pay the fee of your children, take them to new places, buy computers, etc. All this is only possible if you have money and by fulfilling the needs of your family you can bring a smile on their face. You wouldn’t like to see their sad faces and will try your best to meet their requirements.
Help others in times of need– If you have the money you can help others you need it. There are many times when your friends and relatives would go through a crisis and may need your financial help. In this case, you can easily lend money and help them to combat the difficult times. You can give money to a charitable trust as well where your money is used in the proper way to help other people. Though it is entirely your choice and decision to give money if you have, one can always help others. From the above facts, you can say that money gives you the right to do a lot of things and that is why it is necessary to have the right amount. But the problem is that people run after money. Even the wealthiest person will want more and will try ways to make money. No one is satisfied with what they have and hence most of their time is wasted in thinking about how to increase the money. They forget to enjoy their life and just focus on how to get money. So do explore ways to make money but also enjoy your life and give time to your family.

Importance of Nature

Nature is the natural environment that surrounds us, cares us, and nourishes us every moment. It provides us a protective layer around us to prevent the damages. We are not able to survive on the earth without nature like air, land, water, fire, and sky. Nature includes everything around us like plants, animals, rivers, forests, rain, lake, birds, sea, thunder, sun, moon, weather, atmosphere, mountain, desserts, hills, ice, etc. Every form of nature is very powerful which can nourish as well as destroy us.
Now a day, everyone has less time to enjoy nature. In the increasing crowd, we forgot to enjoy nature and improve health. We started using technological instruments for our health fitness. However, nature indeed has the power to nourish us and fit us forever. Most of the writers have described the real beauty and advantage of nature in their writings. Nature can make our mind tension free and cure our diseases. Because of technological advancement in the life of human beings, our nature is declining gradually which needs a high level of awareness to keep it in balance and to conserve natural assets.
God has created everything very beautifully seeing which our eyes can never be tired. But we forgot that we too have some responsibility towards our nature to the relationship between nature and human beings. How beautiful scenery it looks in the morning with sunrise, songs of birds, sounds of lakes, rivers, air and happy gatherings of friends in the evening in the garden after a long day of crush. But we forgot to enjoy the beauty of nature in just fulfilling our duties towards our families.
Sometimes during our holidays, we spend our whole day watching TV, reading newspapers, playing indoor games or on the computer but we forgot that outside the door we can do something interesting in the lap of nature ad the natural environment. Unnecessarily we left on all the lights of home, we use electricity without need which ultimately increases the heat in the environment called global warming. Our other activities like cutting trees and forests increase the amount of CO2 gas in the environment causing the greenhouse effect and global warming.
If we want to be happy and healthy always we should try our best to save our planet and its beautiful nature by stopping our foolish and selfish activities. To keep the ecosystem in balance, we should not cut trees, forests, practice energy and water conservation, and many more. Ultimately we are the real user of nature so we should take care of it.

Importance of Tree

Trees are beautiful and useful gifts of nature. Trees are great friends of men. Trees give us flowers, fruits, timber, bamboo, fuels, etc. We can rest under the cool shade of a tree. We get wood from the trees to make furniture, doors, windows, etc.
Trees are also a great source of materials for paper, rubber, gums, herbs, and medicine plants. Forest brings clouds and causes rainfall. Trees prevent soil erosion. They protect us from severe weather.
Importance of Trees: Trees are a part and parcel of earthly life. All life directly or indirectly owes its existence to them.
Trees release oxygen which we need for our life. They also absorb carbon dioxide.Trees are the natural habitat of many animals and birds. Trees help make the land fertile. We get good crops out of fertile land. They are sources of fruits and flowers. They offer us cool shade during summer. During the rainy season, we take shelter under the trees. Trees and plants are the sources of many supply life-saving drugs. They prevent land erosion and guard us against pollution. Thus, trees keep up the ecological balance. Trees protect us from inclement wind also.
Conclusion: Thus, trees play an important role in our life. Felling of trees disturbs the eco-system. We should preserve trees and plants with great care.